None of this would be possible without the people who built the internet we have, and gave so much of it away. Their ingenuity and tenacity made a network of networks that nobody owns. khėnsu.ñü is our attempt to carry that gift forward.
- 1960s
paul baran and donald davies
Packet switching: break messages into pieces and route them any way that works.
- 1969
the ARPANET teams
The first packet network, from UCLA to Stanford, and the Request for Comments tradition.
- 1974
vint cerf and bob kahn
TCP/IP, a network of networks that nobody owns.
- 1976
whitfield diffie, martin hellman and ralph merkle
Public-key cryptography: strangers can agree a secret in the open.
- 1981
david chaum
Mix networks and private digital cash, the roots of how khėnsu.ñü hides who talks to whom.
- 1983
richard stallman, and later linus torvalds
GNU and Linux, and the free software that runs almost every server and node.
- 1989
tim Berners-Lee and CERN
The World Wide Web, given to the world free in 1993.
- 1991
phil zimmermann
PGP, private email for everyone, defended at personal risk.
- 1996
brewster kahle and the internet Archive
A memory for the web, so what we build is never lost.
- 2001
jimmy wales, larry sanger and every wikipedian
The sum of human knowledge, free, written by volunteers.
- 2002
roger dingledine, nick mathewson and paul syverson
Tor, privacy for millions who need it most.
- 2008
satoshi nakamoto
Money that moves between people with no bank in between.
- 2013
trevor perrin and moxie marlinspike
The Signal protocol, end-to-end encryption for billions.
- 2023–24
the IETF MLS group and the CRYSTALS teams with NIST
Messaging Layer Security, ML-KEM and ML-DSA: group encryption that holds against quantum computers.